If you are in charge of a textile factory, there is a textile testing instrument you must know, which is crucial for testing the quality of textiles, and that is the Martindale Abrasion Tester to get more knowledge of this textile tester. Let’s start step by step.
1. What is Martindale Abrasion Test?
The Martindale is a unit for quantifying the abrasion resistance of textiles, especially when used for upholstery.
The Martindale method, also known as the Martindale rub test, simulates the natural wear of a seat cover, in which the textile sample is rubbed against a standard abrasive surface with a specified force. The test equipment works in intervals of 5000 cycles, totaling the wear number (unit: Martindale) of abrasion cycles that leads to the material being worn to a specified degree. The higher the value, the more resistant the material is to abrasion.
In upholstery, the Martindale Test abrasion rub test is internationally recognized and designed to measure the durability of a fabric according to the number of times discs can oscillate a layer of sandpaper or wool across the fabric before it starts to show distress. Each fabric is divided into categories by numerical score showing how durable it is. These categories range from decorative use, light domestic use, general domestic use, heavy domestic use, and commercial use.
The results of the test show how much wear and tear your fabric will take before there is a noticeable change in its appearance. As mentioned, the higher the score, the more durable the fabric is. Below is a short list of each category that your chosen fabric could be in and how suitable it will be for different uses.
The National German textile institute specifies a minimum requirement for various applications, and here are some examples:
| Soft padding [Martindale] | Hard padding [Martindale] | |
| Private use | 10,000 | 15,000 |
| Office use | 25,000 | 35,000 |
| For public transportation | 30,000 | 40,000 |
Material for use by police or emergency services may require values of 200,000 to 500,000.
In the US, the Wyzenbeek test is often used instead of the Martindale.
The Martindale machine also tests for fabric pilling.
2. What is ChiuVention Smartindale Abrasion Tester?
It is a new generation of Smart Martindale Abrasion Tester developed by ChiuVention.
It completely overturns the traditional testing model.
The Features of Smartindale
The original digital drive, achieves a higher level of test accuracy
Smartindale replaced the traditional analog drive with a digital drive, an exclusive innovation in the industry. The combination of dual servo motors, microcontroller, embedded, mathematical model, point-to-point drive, etc., single point directly generated LISSAJOUS, with higher precision and reliability of the equipment.
Unique calibration-free function
The dual action of the servo drive and position sensor allows the instrument to continuously achieve accurate testing.
Smart instruments, IOT function
It can be networked with cell phones, set parameters on the cell phone, monitor the test status, get equipment warning reminders, supply replenishment reminders, etc., and share equipment test status with one click.
Test modes can switch by one-touch
No need to change pins or direct on-screen switching to achieve multiple test modes (e.g. straight line mode, large trajectory mode, small trajectory mode).
Humanized design, safer guarantee
lifting arm beam, moving guide plate can be operated by one hand and automatically closed, anti-collision, more friendly to testers.
Precision manufacturing, stable operation
the fixture rotates flexibly, the grinding table and specimen fixture are highly parallel, and the machine has a small runout with the surface of the grinding table (less than 0.05mm), which is more conducive to obtaining reliable test results.
For more details, you can visit: https://chiuvention.com/product/martindale-abrasion-and-pilling-tester
3. More knowledge of Smartindale Abrasion Tester
This section can be a bit dry, but it really explains why it goes beyond the traditional tester.
The Lissajous curve refers to a regular and stable closed curve that is synthesized by two curves about plain harmonic motions whose relationship is straightforward integer ratios in the direction that they are perpendicular to one another on the ground of the definition of Lissajous’ figure. The typical Lissajous figure can be defined by the following parametric equation.
x(θ)=a sinθ
y(θ)=b sin(nθ+ψ)
n≥1 and 0≤ψ≤π/2
N points to a parameter of the curve as well as the ratio of the frequency of two sinusoidal oscillations. If it is a rational number, then the equation n=q/p will be available. Besides, the parametric equation can be displayed as follows.
x(θ)=a sin(pθ)
y(θ)=b sin(qθ+ψ)
0≤θ≤2π
x(θ)=30.25*sin(4.97418836818384*θ)
y(θ)= 30.25*sin(4.663301595172349*θ+0.5π)
0≤θ≤2π
And a denotes the 1/2 width of the Lissajous curve whereas b refers to the 1/2 height of the curve.
P represents the angular velocity in the X direction while q means the angular velocity in the Y direction. Based on the particular standard ISO12947-1, the function about the three-motor-driven Martindale tester can be expressed by the Lissajous interference curve whose ratio of the double equal frequency and the single frequency is 16/15.
x(θ)=30.25*sin(4.97418836818384*θ)
y(θ)= 30.25*sin(4.663301595172349*θ+0.5π)
0≤θ≤2π
By adhering to the aforementioned principle, the parametric equations x(θ) and y(θ), which are generated according to the Lissajous standard, are specified as the equations F(X) and F(Y) concerning the X and Y directional trajectories of the bar, respectively.
Attachment: the Lissajous figure in accordance with the standard requirement
The following digital model of the Lissajous figure can be applied to illustrate the conventional Martindale three-motor drive, whereas the digital ChiuVention Smartindale Abrasion Tester may directly apply this drive model to motors operating in the X and Y directions with a digital servo system. As a result, the operation of the digital Smartindale Abrasion tester will obey the same logic as the regular Martindale Abrasion and Pilling tester. Besides, the digital Smartindale Abrasion tester can produce a more precise speed, acceleration and direction control during the operation by the application of the Lissajous model. The digital Smartindale Abrasion tester not only achieves a precise and flawless Lissajous curve, but also entirely controls the speed, acceleration and direction.
In principle, the digital Smartindale curve and the conventional Martindale curve share a same driving model. However, the latter is driven by applying the simulation method and the former is by utilizing the accurate digits, which is their difference. Besides, they create the Lissajous curve in diverse ways. But in fact, they are under operation in the same logic but we can achieve more stable and accurate results with the help of the digital Smartindale tester. It indicates that the digital time is coming.
Theoretically, as they form the identical curve as well as the same speed, acceralation and motion direction no matter which point they get, the measured results will be equivalent, which is completely matched to the comparision result. Certainly, it takes time to make the digital Smartindale tester comply with the standard and give the verification to the user and certification recognition of other third-party institutions.
For more information, please visit: www.chiuvention.com
Iskra Banović is our seasoned Editor-in-Chief at Blufashion. She has been steering the website’s content and editorial direction since 2018. With a rich background in fashion design, Iskra’s expertise spans across fashion, interior design, beauty, lifestyle, travel, and culture.
